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Title:Uporaba podkritične vode za ekstrakcijo bioaktivnih spojin iz plodov hrasta (Quercus spp.) : magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Menciger Kocbek, Neja (Author)
ID Škerget, Mojca (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Čolnik, Maja (Comentor)
Files:.pdf MAG_Menciger_Kocbek_Neja_2026.pdf (3,89 MB)
MD5: 3357279DB0A4E5045E22BE3228D95BEB
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Abstract:Bioaktivne spojine naravnega izvora so v zadnjih letih v središču raziskovalnega zanimanja zaradi njihovega potenciala za uporabo v živilski, farmacevtski in drugih industrijah. Želodi predstavljajo hranilno bogat, a v sodobni rabi še vedno premalo izkoriščen naravni vir bioaktivnih komponent. V raziskavi smo preučevali uporabo podkritične vode za ekstrakcijo bioaktivnih spojin iz plodov hrasta (Quercus spp.) ter vpliv procesnih parametrov na izkoristek ekstrakcije in sestavo vodotopnih ekstraktov. Ekstrakcije s podkritično vodo smo izvajali pri temperaturah 150 °C, 180 °C in 200 °C, časih 15, 30 in 60 min ter pri razmerjih želod:voda 1:10 in 1:5 (g/mL). V vodotopnih ekstraktih smo določili vsebnost fenolnih spojin, ogljikovih hidratov in antioksidativno aktivnost, posamezne spojine pa smo identificirali s HPLC analizo. Poleg tega smo z GC analizo po Soxhletovi ekstrakciji s petroletrom določili sestavo prostih maščobnih kislin. Trdne ostanke po ekstrakciji smo analizirali s FTIR spektroskopijo. Rezultati so pokazali, da je imela temperatura ključen vpliv na izkoristek in sestavo ekstraktov. Največji izkoristek ekstrakcije (52,5 %) smo dosegli pri razmerju 1:10, temperaturi 180 °C in času 60 min. Najvišji delež totalnih fenolov (127,1 mg GA/g materiala) smo izolirali pri 180 °C, 15 min in razmerju 1:10, najvišji delež taninov (112,9 mg TA/g materiala) pri 150 °C, 60 min in razmerju 1:10, najvišji delež flavonoidov (13,9 mg QU/g materiala) pa pri isti temperaturi in razmerju, vendar času 15 min. Količina izoliranih totalnih ogljikovih hidratov je bila najvišja pri 150 °C, 30 min, razmerju 1:10 (238,9 mg TOH/g materiala), pri čemer je HPLC analiza pokazala intenzivno nastajanje furfurala, 5-MF in 5-HMF z naraščajočo temperaturo in podaljševanjem časa ekstrakcije. Identificirali smo tudi visoke koncentracije galne (28,574 mg/g materiala) in elagne kisline (17,074 mg/g materiala), EGKG (2,141 mg/g materiala), katehina (0,327 mg/g materiala) in izokvercetina (0,881 mg/g materiala). Antioksidativno aktivnost ekstraktov smo določili z DPPH metodo, večina ekstraktov pa je pokazala izjemno antioksidativno aktivnost (nad 90 %). Analiza oljne frakcije je pokazala vsebnost 36 % prostih maščobnih kislin, pri čemer so bile linolna, oleinska in palmitinska kislina zaznane v največjih koncentracijah. Na podlagi rezultatov smo ugotovili, da je ekstrakcija s podkritično vodo učinkovita in okolju prijazna metoda za pridobivanje bioaktivnih spojin iz želodov ter predstavlja obetaven pristop za njihovo nadaljnjo trajnostno uporabo.
Keywords:želod, podkritična voda, biomasa, fenolne spojine, maščobne kisline
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Publisher:[N. Menciger Kocbek]
Year of publishing:2026
Number of pages:1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (XI, 58 str.))
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-97247 New window
UDC:[66.061.3:54-139]:547.9(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:277132803 New window
Publication date in DKUM:04.05.2026
Views:250
Downloads:12
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:KTFMB - FKKT
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Licences

License:CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
Licensing start date:24.02.2026

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Use of subcritical water for the extraction of bioactive compounds from oak nuts (Quercus spp.)
Abstract:Bioactive compounds of natural origin have attracted increasing research interest in recent years due to their potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and other industries. Acorns represent a nutritionally rich but still underutilized natural source of bioactive components. In this study, the use of subcritical water for the extraction of bioactive compounds from oak acorns (Quercus spp.) was investigated, with particular emphasis on the influence of process parameters on extraction yield and the composition of water-soluble extracts. Subcritical water extractions were performed at temperatures of 150 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C, extraction times of 15, 30, and 60 min, and acorn-to-water ratios of 1:10 and 1:5 (g/mL). In the water-soluble extracts, the contents of phenolic compounds and carbohydrates, as well as antioxidant activity, were determined, while individual compounds were identified by HPLC analysis. In addition, the composition of free fatty acids was determined by GC analysis following Soxhlet extraction. Solid residues after extraction were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that temperature significantly influenced extraction yield and extract composition. The highest extraction yield (52.5 %) was obtained at an acorn-to-water ratio of 1:10, a temperature of 180 °C, and an extraction time of 60 min. The highest total phenolic content (127.1 mg GA/g material) was achieved at 180 °C, 15 min, and a 1:10 ratio. The highest tannin content (112.9 mg TA/g material) was observed at 150 °C, 60 min, and a 1:10 ratio, while the highest flavonoid content (13.9 mg QU/g material) was obtained at the same temperature and ratio, but with an extraction time of 15 min. The total carbohydrate content was highest at 150 °C, 30 min, and a 1:10 ratio (238.9 mg TOH/g material). HPLC analysis revealed increased formation of furfural, 5-MF, and 5-HMF with increasing temperature and prolonged extraction time. High concentrations of gallic acid (28.574 mg/g material), ellagic acid (17.074 mg/g material), EGKG (2.141 mg/g material), catechin (0.327 mg/g material), and isoquercetin (0.881 mg/g material) were identified. Antioxidant activity, evaluated using the DPPH method, showed that most extracts exhibited exceptionally high antioxidant activity (above 90 % inhibition). Analysis of the oil fraction showed a free fatty acid content of 36 %, with linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids present at the highest concentrations. Based on these results, subcritical water extraction was demonstrated to be an efficient and environmentally friendly method for the recovery of bioactive compounds from acorns, representing a promising approach for their further sustainable utilization.
Keywords:acorn, subcritical water, biomass, phenolic compounds, fatty acids


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