Dejavniki zaposlenosti in razlike med spoloma: empirična analiza za države OECD

Glavič, Eva

| | SLO | ENG | Cookies and privacy

Bigger font | Smaller font

First page > Show document

Show document

Title:	Dejavniki zaposlenosti in razlike med spoloma: empirična analiza za države OECD
Authors:	ID Glavič, Eva (Author) ID Boršič, Darja (Mentor) More about this mentor... ID Fir, Nejc (Comentor)
Files:	MAG_Glavic_Eva_2026.pdf (1,74 MB) MD5: 2777F4CF6F67522F4B929410ECBE23C9
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	EPF - Faculty of Business and Economics
Abstract:	Zaposlenost je ključna makroekonomska kategorija, na katero vplivajo ekonomski, demografski in institucionalni dejavniki, dejavniki, vezani na spol, in tehnologija. Med ekonomske dejavnike štejemo gospodarsko rast, produktivnost, neposredne tuje investicije, globalno integracijo in mednarodno trgovino. V okviru demografskih dejavnikov moramo omeniti izobrazbeno strukturo prebivalstva, zdravje ljudi, starostno strukturo prebivalstva in migracije. Pri tem ne smemo pozabiti na vlogo države, ki neposredno vpliva na institucionalne dejavnike zaposlenosti. Med njimi so najpomembnejši aktivne politike trga dela, socialni transferji in zakonsko določena minimalna plača. Pomemben vpliv ima tudi tehnologija, saj je človeštvo trenutno priča četrti industrijski revoluciji, ki bo nedvomno vplivala tudi na zaposlenost. Za boljše razumevanje agregatne zaposlenosti pa je potrebna tudi analiza dejavnikov, vezanih na spol. Pri tem imajo pomembno vlogo družbene norme in stereotipi, zaradi katerih ženske prevzemajo več neplačanega dela, ko govorimo o skrbi za dom in družino. Zraven tega pogosteje izstopajo iz trga dela, predvsem v prvih letih po porodu, kar je v marsikateri državi povezano s pomanjkanjem dostopnega in kakovostnega varstva otrok. Vendar umik žensk s trga dela ni edini izziv, s katerim se soočajo, saj so predsodkov deležne tudi tiste, ki ostanejo zaposlene. To ustvarja problem steklenega stropa, ki jim omejuje doseganje visokih vodstvenih položajev zaradi globoko zakoreninjenih stereotipov. Prav zato so ključnega pomena ukrepi, ki lahko zmanjšajo neenakosti med spoloma in tako spodbudijo agregatno zaposlenost. Analizo zaposlenosti smo v empiričnem delu nadaljevali z oceno zaposlitvene funkcije za 38 držav članic OECD v obdobju od leta 1990 do leta 2023, pri čemer smo se najprej osredotočali na dejavnike agregatne zaposlenosti, nato pa ocenili še model za zaposlenost žensk in moških. Pri ocenjevanju regresijskih modelov smo uporabili metodo najmanjših kvadratov, znotraj katere smo uporabili model fiksnih učinkov. Izkazalo se je, da imajo povprečna leta šolanja, število delovno aktivnega prebivalstva, povprečne mesečne plače in BDP na prebivalca pozitiven vpliv na zaposlenost. Vse pojasnjevalne spremenljivke so bile statistično značilne pri vsaj 90-% stopnji zaupanja.
Keywords:	zaposlenost, razlike med spoloma, Organizacija za gospodarsko sodelovanje in razvoj.
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	E. Glavič]
Year of publishing:	2026
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-97988
UDC:	331.5-055
COBISS.SI-ID:	280505859
Publication date in DKUM:	04.06.2026
Views:	255
Downloads:	83
Metadata:
Categories:	EPF
:	Copy citation

Average score:	(0 votes)
Your score:	Voting is allowed only for logged in users.
Share:

Hover the mouse pointer over a document title to show the abstract or click on the title to get all document metadata.

Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	06.05.2026

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Employment determinants and gender differences: An empirical analysis for OECD countries
Abstract:	Employment is a key macroeconomic category influenced by economic, demographic, and institutional factors, as well as gender-related factors and technology. Economic factors include economic growth, productivity, foreign direct investment, global integration, and international trade. Within the scope of demographic factors, it is essential to consider the educational structure of the population, population health, age structure, and migration. In this context, the role of the government should not be overlooked, as it directly shapes the institutional determinants of employment. Among these, the most important are active labor market policies, social transfers, and the statutory minimum wage. Technology also exerts a significant influence, as humanity is currently witnessing the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which will undoubtedly affect employment. For a more comprehensive understanding of aggregate employment, it is also necessary to analyze gender-related factors. Social norms and stereotypes play an important role in this context, as they lead to women undertaking a disproportionate share of unpaid work, particularly in relation to household and family care. In addition, women are more likely to exit the labor market, especially in the first years following childbirth, which is, in many countries, linked to a lack of accessible and high-quality childcare. However, withdrawal from the labor market is not the only challenge women face, as those who remain employed are also subject to prejudice. This leads to the problem of the glass ceiling, which limits their access to senior management positions due to deeply rooted stereotypes. For this reason, policy measures aimed at reducing gender inequalities are of crucial importance, as they can help stimulate aggregate employment. In the empirical section, the analysis continues with the estimation of an employment function for 38 OECD member countries over the period from 1990 to 2023. The analysis first focuses on the determinants of aggregate employment and then estimates separate models for female and male employment. The regression models were estimated using the least squares method, incorporating a fixed-effects specification. The results indicate that average years of schooling, the size of the working-age population, average monthly wages, and GDP per capita have a positive effect on employment. All explanatory variables were statistically significant at a confidence level of at least 90 %.
Keywords:	employment, gender differences, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Comments

Leave comment

You must log in to leave a comment.

Comments (0)

0 - 0 / 0

There are no comments!

Back