Zavest, mišljenje in etika med človeško in umetno inteligenco : magistrsko delo

Jeršič, Alja

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Title:	Zavest, mišljenje in etika med človeško in umetno inteligenco : magistrsko delo
Authors:	ID Jeršič, Alja (Author) ID Bregant, Janez (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	MAG_Jersic_Alja_2026.pdf (1,18 MB) MD5: 72DA283212C7C05F533973D580C06C67
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	FF - Faculty of Arts
Abstract:	V magistrski nalogi smo obravnavali razmerje med človeško in umetno inteligenco skozi prizmo treh temeljnih filozofskih vprašanj: zavesti, mišljenja in etike. Izhodišče naloge je predstavljala teza, da so filozofski pojmi mišljenja in zavesti zgodovinsko spremenljivi ter da jih je v luči sodobnega razvoja umetne inteligence treba ponovno ovrednotiti in reinterpretirati. Pri tem smo zagovarjali stališče, da bistvene razlike med človeškim in umetnim sistemom ni mogoče utemeljiti zgolj z razliko v njunem biološkem oz. materialnem substratu. V prvem poglavju smo se posvetili prikazu zgodovinskega razvoja pojmov mišljenja in zavesti – od Descartesovega dualizma substanc, prek Lockove empiristične teorije tabule rase in Kantove transcendentalne filozofije do funkcionalističnih, fenomenalnih in intencionalnih teorij 20. stoletja. V drugem poglavju smo umetno inteligenco obravnavali kot filozofski izziv. Analizirali smo Rylovo kritiko kartezijanskega dualizma, Turingov test in funkcionalistične poglede na mišljenje ter Searlov argument iz kitajske sobe. Poglavje smo zaključili z razmislekom o možnosti zavesti pri umetni inteligenci ter z vprašanjem, ali je mogoče tudi človeka v določenem smislu razumeti kot 'programirano' bitje. V tretjem poglavju pa smo se posvetili etičnim vprašanjem, ki jih odpira umetna inteligenca, zlasti vprašanjem moralne odgovornosti, antropocentričnih pristranosti, dehumanizacije na trgu dela ter vprašanju mesta in mej umetne inteligence. V zaključnem delu smo kot možnega kandidata za relevantno razliko med človekom in umetnim sistemom predlagali pojem eksistencialnega trenja, ki ga razumemo kot potencialno substratno neodvisno funkcionalno značilnost sistema, povezano s konfliktnimi cilji, vrednotenjem preteklih odločitev in njihovim vplivom na nadaljnje ravnanje. Naloga je bila zasnovana kot filozofska analiza. Uporabili smo deskriptivno, analitično, komparativno in interpretativno metodo.
Keywords:	zavest, mišljenje, umetna inteligenca, etika, funkcionalizem
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Place of performance:	Maribor
Publisher:	A. Jeršič
Year of publishing:	2026
Number of pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VI, 95 str.))
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-100037
UDC:	1:004.8(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	292648451
Publication date in DKUM:	28.09.2026
Views:	1
Downloads:	0
Metadata:
Categories:	FF
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	02.09.2026

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Consciousness, thinking, and ethics in human and artificial intelligence
Abstract:	This master's thesis examines the relationship between human and artificial intelligence through the lens of three fundamental philosophical questions: consciousness, thought, and ethics. The starting point of the thesis is the assumption that the philosophical concepts of thought and consciousness are historically variable and subject to change, and that they must be reassessed and reinterpreted in light of the contemporary development of artificial intelligence. In doing so, we argued that the biological or material substrate alone does not constitute a sufficient criterion for establishing an essential difference between human and artificial systems. The first chapter presents the historical development of the concepts of thought and consciousness, ranging from Descartes' substance dualism, Locke's empiricist theory of the tabula rasa, and Kant's transcendental philosophy to the functionalist, phenomenal, and intentional theories of the twentieth century. The second chapter approaches artificial intelligence as a philosophical challenge. It analyzes Ryle's critique of Cartesian dualism, the Turing Test and functionalist perspectives on thought, as well as Searle's Chinese Room argument. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the possibility of consciousness in artificial intelligence and the question of whether human beings themselves can, in a certain sense, be understood as "programmed" entities. The third chapter addresses the ethical issues raised by artificial intelligence, particularly questions of moral responsibility, anthropocentric bias, dehumanization in the labor market, and the role and limits of artificial intelligence. In the concluding part, we propose the concept of existential friction as a possible candidate for a relevant difference between humans and artificial systems, understanding it as a potentially substrate-independent functional characteristic of a system, associated with conflicting goals, the evaluation of past decisions, and their influence on subsequent behavior. The thesis is conceived as a philosophical analysis. The research employs descriptive, analytical, comparative, and interpretative methods.
Keywords:	consciousness, thought, artificial intelligence, ethics, functionalism

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